Torontonians have a nature problem - can biophilic design be a solution?

Biophilic design stems from the term biophilia; a concept that describes humans’ innate connection and love for nature. It is an innovative way to bring nature into cities, reconnecting urban residents to the natural world through the built environment, while simultaneously contributing many mental, physical and environmental benefits. Despite extensive research on the significance of biophilic design, application in many urban environments, including Toronto, is minimal. This paper investigates what, if any, obstacles may be preventing Toronto from integrating biophilic design. Research was conducted through a literature review, case study analysis and four key informant surveys. It finds that there are obstacles to local implementation including a lack of supportive planning framework, a lack of economic support and incentives, lacking professional expertise and absent demand. The paper acknowledges the literature, case studies and informant responses through the provision of recommendations that are designed to help the city overcome these obstacles. Key words: Biophilia, Biophilic Design, Planning, Toronto