Streamlining Low Impact Development Implementation in Ontario: Recommendations for Small- and Medium-Sized Municipalities

Low Impact Development (LID) is a component of stormwater management that has become necessary due to the effects of climate change and urbanization. This research explores policy instruments influencing LID implementation, with a focus on small- and medium-sized municipalities in Ontario. A comprehensive literature review revealed barriers experienced by municipalities. Standards, guidance, incentives, and policies for four municipalities in Ontario were examined. The cities of Philadelphia, Portland, Vancouver, and Burlington, which are considered to be green infrastructure (GI) leaders in North America, were studied for the purpose of gaining insight into factors leading to successful GI/LID implementation. This research concludes with five recommendations that can further enhance the utilization of GI/LID measures in new developments in Ontario.