Positive Solutions of Neumann Boundary Value Problems and Applications to Logistic Type Population Models

We study the existence of nonzero nonnegative or strictly positive solutions of second order Neumann boundary value problems with nonlinearities which are allowed to take negative values via a recently established fixed point theorem for r-nowhere normal-outward maps in Banach spaces. For applications, we obtain results on the existence of strictly positive solutions for some models of population inhabiting one dimensional heterogeneous environments with perfect barriers, where the local rate of change in the population density changes sign.