Integration or annexation? Post-industrial waterfront redevelopment in the global north

A morphological analysis of post-industrial waterfronts is presented using three Scandinavian case studies to better-understand the impact of process on urban design. A literature review highlights research that has been conducted on waterfronts in relation to gentrification, ecological modernization, bureaucratic fragmentation and heritage policies. Next, building age, street integration, plots, land use and public-private composition are mapped to reveal synergies that exist between these elements. Findings reveal that whilst gentrification and sanitization are present to some degree in all of the projects examined, the ways in which these processes manifest are varied according to the bureaucracies and processes underlying development.