Exploring how Housing and Planning Policy Options Reduce Homelessness in Toronto, Canada

Since the 1980’s, social housing in Canada has seen a significant decline in support from the federal government. As a result, the population of people experiencing or at risk of homelessness has notably increased in most major cities. This research examines specific programs, incentives, and funding streams provided to the City of Toronto by the three levels of Canadian government (federal, provincial, and municipal) historically in comparison to present day. Homeless encampments in Toronto have become more visible as a result of COVID-19, leading to camp removals and increased protests and public pressure for additional affordable rental and housing stock. The aim for this research is to get a better understanding of current efforts to reduce homelessness through supportive and affordable housing and introduce the role of the Planner in this context. Finally, this research concludes by providing local and national level recommendations to improve the current state of homelessness.