Development of a Shape Memory Locking and Actuation Mechanism for Morphing Wing Applications

<p>  </p> <p>Morphing wing technologies have the potential to significantly improve aerodynamic efficiency, fuel consumption, and adaptability in modern aircraft. This thesis presents the design, analysis, and prototyping of a lightweight actuator system that integrates Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) and Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) as smart materials to achieve reversible and programmable morphing behavior. A syringe-inspired mechanical actuator was developed, initially incorporating a zero Poisson ratio (ZPR) lattice concept for the SMP locking elements and SMA components positioned diagonally to drive motion through thermally induced contraction. Due to scaling limitations and manufacturing constraints, a simplified cylindrical prototype was fabricated in place of the ZPR structure. The system was evaluated through CAD modeling, finite element analysis (FEA), and experimental testing. FEA results showed a maximum deformation of 0.9586 mm and a von Mises stress of 1.3414 MPa under thermal loading, which aligned with theoretical strain predictions. Physical testing confirmed successful deformation of the SMP locking mechanism, reaching an experimental displacement of 4.5 mm, exceeding simulation expectations due to additional softening and compliance. The SMA component actuated reliably when heated above 55 °C, enabling shape change without external mechanical input. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using smart materials for compact, energy-efficient morphing systems. Future improvements include integrated electrical heating, Arduino-controlled thermal cycling, active cooling, and scaling up to enable ZPR-based geometries. The findings offer a foundation for applying SMP–SMA hybrids in adaptive aerospace structures requiring low-profile, lightweight, and repeatable actuation.</p>