Optimizing the Role of Registered Practical Nurses in the Operating Room: A Two-Phase Qualitative Descriptive Study

Background

Current nursing shortages are shifting approaches to health human resource planning. Broad changes are being implemented to support system planning, however, there is a need to engage in targeted strategies that address shortages in specialty nursing areas, such as the operating room.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore how Registered Practical Nurses (RPNs) are currently utilized within operating room settings in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

A two-phase qualitative descriptive study design was conducted. Phase 1 consisted of an online survey and Phase 2 consisted of individual, semi-structured virtual interviews. Participants included nurses working in urban and community hospitals and/or private clinics. Descriptive statistics were used to report participant demographic data, and qualitative data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Results

Sixty-five participants completed the survey, and 13 participants completed the semi-structured interviews. Participants identified differences in RPN role utilization within different healthcare settings, teamwork and work culture. Recommendations for RPN leadership opportunities, policy support, professional development, and the role of professional nursing organizations were also identified.

Conclusion

Given the complex nature of healthcare systems, new models of care, and evolving scopes of practice for healthcare providers, it is important to consider how RPNs can be further utilized to support patient care including specialty areas. Re-evaluating the roles and responsibilities of RPNs in healthcare is essential to strengthen the nursing workforce and prepare for ongoing human resource challenges.