Contribution of cardio-vascular risk factors to depressive status in the PREDIMED-PLUS Trial. A cross-sectional and a 2-year longitudinal study

Martín-Peláez, Sandra; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Cano-Ibáñez, Naomi; Martínez-González, Miguel-Ángel; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi; Corella, Dolores; Lassale, Camille; Alfredo Martínez, José; Alonso-Gómez, Ángel M.; Warnberg, Julia; Vioque, Jesus; Romaguera, Dora; Lopez-Miranda, José; Estruch, Ramon; Tinahones, Francisco
J.; Lapetra, José; Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando; Cavanillas, Aurora Bueno; Tur, Josep A.; Martín, Vicente; Pintó, Xavier; Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel; Matia, Pilar; Vidal, Josep; Vázquez, Clotilde; Daimiel, Lidia; Ros, Emili; Toledo, Estefania; Nishi, Stephanie; V. Sorlí, Jose; Malcampo, Mireia; Zulet, M. Ángeles; Moreno-Rodríguez, Anai; Cueto-Galán, Raquel; Vivancos-Aparicio, Diego; Colom, Antoni; García-Ríos, Antonio; Casas, Rosa; Bernal-Lopez, María Rosa; Santos-Lozano, Jose Manuel; Vázquez, Zenaida; Gómez-Martínez, Carlos; Ortega-Azorín, Carolina; del Val, José Luis; Abete, Itziar; Goikoetxea-Bahon, Amaia; Pascual, Elena; Becerra-Tomás, Nerea; Chillarón, Juan J.; Sánchez-Villegas, Almudena

doi:10.32920/26540965.v1

Contribution of cardio-vascular risk factors to depressive status in the PREDIMED-PLUS Trial. A cross-sectional and a 2-year longitudinal study

journal contribution

posted on 2024-08-13, 20:07 authored by Sandra Martín-Peláez, Lluis Serra-Majem, Naomi Cano-Ibáñez, Miguel-Ángel Martínez-González, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Dolores Corella, Camille Lassale, José Alfredo Martínez, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Julia Warnberg, Jesus Vioque, Dora Romaguera, José Lopez-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Francisco J. Tinahones, José Lapetra, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Aurora Bueno Cavanillas, Josep A. Tur, Vicente Martín, Xavier Pintó, Miguel Delgado-Rodriguez, Pilar Matia, Josep Vidal, Clotilde Vázquez, Lidia Daimiel, Emili Ros, Estefania Toledo, Stephanie NishiStephanie Nishi, Jose V. Sorlí, Mireia Malcampo, M. Ángeles Zulet, Anai Moreno-Rodríguez, Raquel Cueto-Galán, Diego Vivancos-Aparicio, Antoni Colom, Antonio García-Ríos, Rosa Casas, María Rosa Bernal-Lopez, Jose Manuel Santos-Lozano, Zenaida Vázquez, Carlos Gómez-Martínez, Carolina Ortega-Azorín, José Luis del Val, Itziar Abete, Amaia Goikoetxea-Bahon, Elena Pascual, Nerea Becerra-Tomás, Juan J. Chillarón, Almudena Sánchez-Villegas

Background

Cardio-vascular disease and depression are thought to be closely related, due to shared risk factors. The aim of the study was to determine the association between cardio-vascular risk (CVR) factors and depressive status in a population (55–75 years) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial.

Methods and findings

Participants were classified into three groups of CVR according to the Framingham-based REGICOR function: (1) low (LR), (2) medium (MR) or (3) high/very high (HR). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms at baseline and after 2 years. The association between CVR and depressive status at baseline (n = 6545), and their changes after 2 years (n = 4566) were evaluated through multivariable regression models (logistic and linear models). HR women showed higher odds of depressive status than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.26, 2.50)]. MR and HR participants with total cholesterol <160 mg/mL showed higher odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.77 (1.13, 2.77) and 2.83 (1.25, 6.42) respectively)] but those with total cholesterol ≥280 mg/mL showed lower odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 0.26 (0.07, 0.98) and 0.23 (0.05, 0.95), respectively]. All participants decreased their BDI-II score after 2 years, being the decrease smaller in MR and HR diabetic compared to LR [adjusted mean±SE = -0.52±0.20, -0.41±0.27 and -1.25±0.31 respectively). MR and HR participants with total cholesterol between 240–279 mg/mL showed greater decreases in the BDI-II score compared to LR (adjusted mean±SE = -0.83±0.37, -0.77±0.64 and 0.97±0.52 respectively).

Conclusions

Improving cardiovascular health could prevent the onset of depression in the elderly. Diabetes and total cholesterol in individuals at high CVR, may play a specific role in the precise response. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870).