Border narratives in Canadian social work: Neoliberal nationalism in the discursive construction of “citizen/Self” and “non-citizen/Other”

This article elucidates how social work is not only constituted by cross-border processes but also constitutes the transnational processes of bordering within the territorial boundary of the nation-state. The analysis is drawn from a qualitative study of social workers who have worked with migrants without full immigration status in Toronto, Canada. Building on critical border scholarship that reconceptualizes borders as processes, I examine border narratives – a discursive-level operation of border making. I highlight how neoliberalism, one of the key technologies of contemporary transnational bordering processes, intersects and works together with nationalistic citizenship discourse, governing the discursive constructing of “citizen/Self” and “non-citizen/Other.” I call this governance at play neoliberal nationalism and demonstrate some of the ways that neoliberal nationalism works on, through, and within social workers to make sense of exclusionary and inclusionary practices towards migrants without full immigration status as they struggle to navigate a highly complex immigration system and funding structure as well as the effects of neoliberalism in their workplace. I demonstrate how social workers reproduce neoliberal logic and the hegemony of national citizenship even as they critique them, rendering it challenging to see their own complicity in the internal border making of the Canadian nation-state.